Plate Tectonics:
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
| plate_tectonics.pdf |
Watch the above YouTube about our earth and try to give me 5 pieces of information about the structure of our planet and the processes that go on inside it.
The Earth's Structure
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Crust
Solid-divided into two types, oceanic and continental. Mantle Solid but behaves like a liquid in some circumstances. The upper is more mobile and subject to convection currents. 1200°C Outer Core Liquid, consists largely of iron. It is believed that the earth’s magnetic field is generated by movements in the outer core. About 5000°C. Inner Core Solid consists of iron and nickel. Approximately five times more dense than surface rocks. 5500-6200°C |
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Complete the Earth Structure worksheet using information above. |
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Complete the Plate Tectonics worksheet
You may use the diagram and interactive presentation below |
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Convection cells in the earth
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Click to follow the link.
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Tectonic plates and their distribution
Using the plate distribution map create a colour code and outline the different types of plate boundaries. Mark in some important volcano and earthquake locations.
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Types of Plate boundary
There are three different types of plate movement. These create five different types of boundaries.
Different types of plate boundary (movement)
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Types of movement
1. Convergent
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Types of boundary
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2. Divergent
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3. Transform
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| earthquakes.ppt |
Draw and explain the 4 types of plate boundary seen above. Diagrams need to be detailed and labelled.
Types of Volcanoes
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Volcanoes are categorized in many different ways. The main ones are:
Activity Level This looks at how long ago the volcano exhibited any sort of life.
Note: How active a volcano is largely depends on where it is found in the world. Certain regions are more volcanically active than others, for example the Ring of Fire which runs all the way round the edges of the pacific ocean. |
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Create an information leaflet with labelled diagrams explaining the difference between:
(all diagrams should be hand drawn)
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Features and Dangers of a volcano
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Draw, label and define the features of a volcano. |
Reduction of Risks and Advantages of living in a volcanic area
Using pages 99 - 101 of your textbook 'Complete Geography for Cambridge IGCSE' identify and explain (create a MindMap):
- What are the dangers of volcanic Eruptions
- What can be done to reduce the risk of volcanoes? Can we predict them?
- Why do people continue to live in volcanically active areas?
Volcano Case Study
Create a detailed case study of the 1997 Soufrière Hills erruption Montserrat.
Remember that with case studies you need to remember them so do not make them overly confusing, unusual or include unnecessary detail.
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Case Study Example
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Earthquakes
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What is an Earthquake?
In pairs discuss the following questions and try to come up with your best answers.
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Earthquake: a series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abruptrupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.
Explain what is an earthquake, how does it occur? (Draw a labelled diagram)
See page 88 in your Textbook (Geography 2nd Edition, Hodder)
Monitoring Eathquakes
Examine the two photographs below . What information do seismographs tell us?
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Richter scale and how much energy is released
The amount of damage done by an earthquake will depend on:
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Tsunami
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A tsunami is also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
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Earthquake hazards and responses
Class project:
This is an assessed piece of work (work to be completed as groups). Your task is to create a presentation covering the areas below. You will need to research this on the internet.
It will be scored out of 20 marks [5 for presentation, 5 for completeness, 10 for the content areas below)
Possible source:
METHODS OF REDUCING EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
This is an assessed piece of work (work to be completed as groups). Your task is to create a presentation covering the areas below. You will need to research this on the internet.
It will be scored out of 20 marks [5 for presentation, 5 for completeness, 10 for the content areas below)
- Outline what hazards earthquakes can cause (building collapse, liquifaction, tsunamis etc - list with brief description)
- Seperate the hazards into primary and secondary
- What methods are available to reduce their impact (anti seismic structures, hazard mapping etc)
Possible source:
METHODS OF REDUCING EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Play the Earthquake game
Earthquake Case Study
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Create a detailed case study of 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.
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Test Yourself - Revision
