THE GEOGRAPHER ONLINE

Coasts

  • Home
    • How to make a website: Tools and experiences
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    • The Big Geography Challenge
  • New IB Geography 2017 onwards
    • IB Geography Introduction
    • Part 1: Geographical Themes >
      • Option B: Oceans and coastal margins >
        • 1. Ocean–atmosphere interactions
        • 2. Interactions between oceans and coastal places
        • 3. Managing coastal margins
        • 4. Ocean management futures
      • Option D: Geophysical Hazards >
        • 1. Geophysical systems
        • 2. Geophysical hazard risks
        • 3. Hazard risk and vulnerability
        • 4. Future resilience and adaptation
    • Part 2: Core Units (SL&HL) >
      • Unit 1: Changing Population >
        • 1. Population and economic development patterns
        • 2. Changing Populations and Places
        • 3. Challenges and opportunities
      • Unit 2: Global climate—vulnerability and resilience >
        • 1. Causes of global climate change
        • 2. Consequences of global climate change
        • 3. Responding to global climate change
      • Unit 3: Global resource consumption and security >
        • 1: Global trends in consumption
        • 2: Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
        • 3: Resource stewardship
    • Part 3: HL Core Extensions >
      • Unit 4: Power, places and networks >
        • 1. Global interactions and global power
      • Unit 5: Human development and diversity
      • Unit 6: Global risks and resilience
    • Internal Assessment
    • Why should I study IB Geography?
  • IB Geography (Old Syllabus)
    • IB Core >
      • 1. Populations in Transition
      • 2. Disparities in Wealth and Development
      • 3. Patterns in Environmental Quality and Sustainability
      • 4. Patterns in Resource Consumption
    • Part 1: Geographical Themes >
      • Oceans and their Coastal Margins
      • Hazards and disasters - risk assessment and response
      • Freshwater - issues and conflicts
      • Urban Environments
    • Global Interactions - HL >
      • Measuring Global Interactions
      • Changing Space - The Shrinking world
      • Economic Interactions and Flows
      • Environmental Change
      • Sociocultural Exchanges
      • Political Outcomes
      • Global Interactions at the Local Level
    • IB Guidance >
      • Syllabus Guidance
      • IB Examination Guidance
    • Extended Essay
  • IGCSE Geography
    • Theme 1: Population and settlement >
      • Population Dynamics
      • Migration
      • Settlements
      • Urban Settlements
      • Urbanisation
    • Theme 2: The natural environment >
      • Plate Tectonics
      • Coasts
      • Rivers
      • Weather and Climate
      • Climate and Ecosystems
    • Theme 3: Economic development >
      • Development
      • Food Production
      • Industry
      • Energy
      • Tourism
      • Water
      • Environmental Risks of Economic development
    • GCSE Key Terms
    • GCSE Coursework
    • Alternative to Coursework
    • IGCSE Geography Examination Advice
    • IGCSE Revision Games
  • Key Stage 3
    • Year 6 >
      • My Place
      • Rivers
      • Brazil
    • Year 7 >
      • Maps and the world
      • Rocky Landscapes
      • Settlement
      • Weather & Climate
    • Year 8 >
      • Maps Introduction
      • Plate Tectonics
      • Economic Activity
      • Biomes
    • Year 9 >
      • Map Skills - review
      • Development
      • Coasts
      • Tourism
      • Paradise lost - Tourism in Thailand
  • AS Level Geography
    • World at Risk
    • Crowded Coasts
  • Geography Skills
  • Donations & Contact
  • YouTube Channel
  • Essential computer programs

Lesson 1: What are coasts and why are they so important?

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  • To explain what a coastline is.
  • ​To be able to explain why millions of humans choose to live near the coast.
  • To explore physical and human uses of coastlines

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Looking at the image above, can you think of what the word 'Coast' means? Where is it?

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Print and complete the worksheet explaining what coasts are and their different parts.
Our Coasts
File Size: 355 kb
File Type: docx
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Agriculture
File Size: 306 kb
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Industry
File Size: 271 kb
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Settlements
File Size: 573 kb
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Tourism
File Size: 757 kb
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Transport
File Size: 241 kb
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Create a 1 page information fact-sheet illustrating why coasts are useful. Your fact-sheet should contain. 
  1. Explanation of what coasts are.
  2. Diagrams and images of coasts.
  3. Interesting numerical facts about coasts.
  4. A list of human and physical uses of coasts.

Lesson 2: Different types of coasts and waves

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  • To understand what waves are and how they are formed.
  • To be able to explain Destructive and constructive waves.
  • To understand how waves change what beaches look like.

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Draw a labelled diagram of waves and define all the key terms. Complete the worksheet below. 
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Wave formation activity sheet
File Size: 104 kb
File Type: pdf
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  • Crest: The top of the wave.
  • Trough: The low area in between two waves.
  • Wavelength: The distance between two crests or two troughs.
  • Wave height: The distance between the crest and the trough.
  • Wave Frequency: The number of waves per minute.
  • Velocity: The speed that a wave is traveling. It is influenced by the wind, fetch and depth of water.
  • Swash: The movement of water and load up the beach.
  • Backwash: The movement of water and load back down the beach.
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Draw and explain the following two types of wave.

Constructive

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Destructive

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Review the unit and key words - close books and use mini whiteboards to answer revision questions
Kahoot on Waves


Lesson 3: Coastal processes:
erosion, transportation & deposition

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  • To understand the 4 types of erosion and transportation
  • To be able to draw diagrams explaining the types of erosion and transportation
  • To understand why deposition occurs

Coastal erosion
​
The sea shapes the coastal landscape. Coastal erosion is the wearing away and breaking up of rock along the coast. Destructive waves erode the coastline in a number of ways:
  • Abrasion or Corrasion
  • Hydraulic Action
  • Attrition
  • Solution of Corrosion 
​
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Watch the YouTube explaining the 4 different types of Erosion.
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Using the worksheet draw and explain how each different type of erosion affects the coastline
Coastal Erosion Worksheet
File Size: 41 kb
File Type: doc
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​So when does sediment get deposited?
​Can you think of the conditions necessary for this to happen?

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Play the following Revision Kahoot
Button Text

Lesson 4: Erosional Coastal features

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  • To explain the formation of: Caves, Arches, Stacks and stumps, Wave cut platforms and Bays and Headlands
  • To be able to draw detailed diagrams
  • to appropriately use all key terminology

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Introduction to Coastal features

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Complete the erosional features worksheet. You will need to draw a diagram and also complete the explanation. To help you with the explanation divide up the diagram into logical stages - number them and then you will be able to create a brief sentence for each.
Erosional Landforms
File Size: 68 kb
File Type: pdf
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  • Headlands and bays are created where there are bands of hard and soft rock which meet the coastline at right angles.
  • Softer rock is eroded more quickly and erodes backwards to form bays (which may have beaches).
  • The harder rocks are more resistant to erosion and jut out into the sea to form exposed headlands.
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  • Cliffs usually form where there is soft rock such as limestone and chalk.
  • Wave erosion is strongest where large waves break against the base of the cliff.
  • A wave-cut notch is formed when the base of the cliff is eroded by hydraulic action, corrosion and corrasion.
  • Continual erosion causes the notch to become larger.
  • Eventually, the cliff becomes unsupported and collapses into the sea.
  • The cliff moves backs and leaves behind a wavecut platform which can be seen at low tide.
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  • he waves erode along lines of weakness in the headland by hydraulic action, abrasion and solution.
  • Lines of weakness get enlarged and form small sea caves.
  • The caves are deepened and widened on both sides of the headland.
  • Eventually the sea cuts through the headland forming an arch.
  • Continued erosion erodes the rock at the top of the arch which makes it unsupported as the arch is enlarged and eventually collapses to form a stack.
  • The stack gets eroded until only a stump remains.
  • Over time the stump will disappear.

Lesson 5: Depositional Coastal features

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  • To explain the formation of: Spits, Bars and Sand Dunes
  • To be able to draw detailed diagrams
  • to appropriately use all key terminology

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​Test: 10 minutes to draw and explain one of the Erosional Features from last lesson
​

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Complete the worksheet on Depositional coastal features
Depositional Coastal Features
File Size: 64 kb
File Type: pdf
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  • Spits form where the coastline changes direction and longshore drift continues to move material along the beach.
  • Longshore drift will deposit material in the sea after the coastline has changed direction.
  • Over time the level of the sand deposited will build-up until it is above sea level.
  • The spit cannot develop right across the bay as the moving water from a river prevents the build-up of sand.
  • Sand spits often have a curved or hooked end. This is created when secondary wind and wave direction causes a wave to strike from a different direction.
  • The beach appears to extend out into the sea and is known as a spit or sandspit.
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Sand dunes from Steven Heath
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Coastal Features Revision Quizizz
Coastal Features

Lesson 6: Coastal Defences

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  • ​To identify the differences between hard  and soft engineering.
  • To recall a range of hard and soft engineering coastal protection methods.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different coastal protection methods.

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Think Pair Share.
​Why do you think we need to manage our coasts? 

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Follow the instructions on the PowerPoint and then complete the worksheets.
how_can_we_protect_the_coast_powerpoint.ppt
File Size: 10357 kb
File Type: ppt
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Worksheets
hard_engineering_vs_soft_engineering.pdf
File Size: 34 kb
File Type: pdf
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coastal_protection_getting_your_speech_ready.pdf
File Size: 36 kb
File Type: pdf
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Information Sheets
beach_nourishment.pdf
File Size: 216 kb
File Type: pdf
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dune_stabilisation.pdf
File Size: 263 kb
File Type: pdf
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rip_rap.pdf
File Size: 325 kb
File Type: pdf
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rip_rap.pdf
File Size: 325 kb
File Type: pdf
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groynes.pdf
File Size: 133 kb
File Type: pdf
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cliff_regrading.pdf
File Size: 228 kb
File Type: pdf
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revetments.pdf
File Size: 416 kb
File Type: pdf
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sea_walls.pdf
File Size: 171 kb
File Type: pdf
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​Group Discussion
If you were in charge of protecting 100 metres of coastline, what methods would you favour?
See if you can agree which method to use in your group and provide four reasons for choosing it.

Lesson 7&8: Case STudy -Coastal Management

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  • To explain the problems facing the Holderness coast.
  • To name at least three methods of protecting the coast.
  • To evaluate which methods are best used in which places.


holderness_coast.ppt
File Size: 17938 kb
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Worksheets and information sheets for group investigation/case study
a_range_of_opinions.pdf
File Size: 1441 kb
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response_sheet.pdf
File Size: 180 kb
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the_cost_of_protection_your_options.pdf
File Size: 117 kb
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justifying_your_decision.pdf
File Size: 156 kb
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the_changing_coast_at_holderness.pdf
File Size: 918 kb
File Type: pdf
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the_geology_of_the_holderness_coastline.pdf
File Size: 934 kb
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www.thegeographeronline.net
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The Geographer Online is an educational website aimed at providing geography teaching resources for all levels. 
Created and Developed by: Steven Heath

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  • Home
    • How to make a website: Tools and experiences
    • Maps and Regions
    • Travel Photographs and Videos
    • Live: Global Hazards and Disasters
    • Geography in the news
    • The Big Geography Challenge
  • New IB Geography 2017 onwards
    • IB Geography Introduction
    • Part 1: Geographical Themes >
      • Option B: Oceans and coastal margins >
        • 1. Ocean–atmosphere interactions
        • 2. Interactions between oceans and coastal places
        • 3. Managing coastal margins
        • 4. Ocean management futures
      • Option D: Geophysical Hazards >
        • 1. Geophysical systems
        • 2. Geophysical hazard risks
        • 3. Hazard risk and vulnerability
        • 4. Future resilience and adaptation
    • Part 2: Core Units (SL&HL) >
      • Unit 1: Changing Population >
        • 1. Population and economic development patterns
        • 2. Changing Populations and Places
        • 3. Challenges and opportunities
      • Unit 2: Global climate—vulnerability and resilience >
        • 1. Causes of global climate change
        • 2. Consequences of global climate change
        • 3. Responding to global climate change
      • Unit 3: Global resource consumption and security >
        • 1: Global trends in consumption
        • 2: Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
        • 3: Resource stewardship
    • Part 3: HL Core Extensions >
      • Unit 4: Power, places and networks >
        • 1. Global interactions and global power
      • Unit 5: Human development and diversity
      • Unit 6: Global risks and resilience
    • Internal Assessment
    • Why should I study IB Geography?
  • IB Geography (Old Syllabus)
    • IB Core >
      • 1. Populations in Transition
      • 2. Disparities in Wealth and Development
      • 3. Patterns in Environmental Quality and Sustainability
      • 4. Patterns in Resource Consumption
    • Part 1: Geographical Themes >
      • Oceans and their Coastal Margins
      • Hazards and disasters - risk assessment and response
      • Freshwater - issues and conflicts
      • Urban Environments
    • Global Interactions - HL >
      • Measuring Global Interactions
      • Changing Space - The Shrinking world
      • Economic Interactions and Flows
      • Environmental Change
      • Sociocultural Exchanges
      • Political Outcomes
      • Global Interactions at the Local Level
    • IB Guidance >
      • Syllabus Guidance
      • IB Examination Guidance
    • Extended Essay
  • IGCSE Geography
    • Theme 1: Population and settlement >
      • Population Dynamics
      • Migration
      • Settlements
      • Urban Settlements
      • Urbanisation
    • Theme 2: The natural environment >
      • Plate Tectonics
      • Coasts
      • Rivers
      • Weather and Climate
      • Climate and Ecosystems
    • Theme 3: Economic development >
      • Development
      • Food Production
      • Industry
      • Energy
      • Tourism
      • Water
      • Environmental Risks of Economic development
    • GCSE Key Terms
    • GCSE Coursework
    • Alternative to Coursework
    • IGCSE Geography Examination Advice
    • IGCSE Revision Games
  • Key Stage 3
    • Year 6 >
      • My Place
      • Rivers
      • Brazil
    • Year 7 >
      • Maps and the world
      • Rocky Landscapes
      • Settlement
      • Weather & Climate
    • Year 8 >
      • Maps Introduction
      • Plate Tectonics
      • Economic Activity
      • Biomes
    • Year 9 >
      • Map Skills - review
      • Development
      • Coasts
      • Tourism
      • Paradise lost - Tourism in Thailand
  • AS Level Geography
    • World at Risk
    • Crowded Coasts
  • Geography Skills
  • Donations & Contact
  • YouTube Channel
  • Essential computer programs